Encyclopaedia of the Holy Spirit

Guardian Angels

Michael and the Dragon

Revelation 12:7-9 depicts a war in heaven in which the archangel Michael and his angels cast down the dragon, identified as Satan, while the Book of Daniel names him prince and protector of God's people and the Letter of Jude records his contest with the devil over the body of Moses; the Church venerates him as defender of the Church and guardian of the dying.

Place: Heaven; venerated at ancient shrines including Monte Gargano, Italy, and Mont Saint-Michel, FrancePeriod: A war preceding human history, in the Church's reading of Revelation 12; Daniel's visions of Michael are set during the Babylonian and Persian periods, sixth century BC

Before there was a morning to number, there was a rebellion, and I want you to understand what kind: not armies clashing over territory, but a single, immense refusal of the truth that I am who I am, and no creature, however bright, is My equal. Lucifer, day star, ablaze with a beauty I gave him, chose to be worshiped rather than to worship, and I would not let that lie stand unopposed one instant longer than it takes light to answer darkness. I raised up Michael, whose very name is not a title but a question flung at the rebel's face — Who is like God? — because that is the one thing pride can never answer. Michael did not fight for his own glory. He fought because the question was true, and truth, spoken by an obedient will, cannot be defeated by an army of proud ones however numerous.

War broke out in heaven, Michael and his angels waging war against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels waged war, but they were defeated, and no place was found for them any longer in heaven. I threw down the great dragon, the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world — I threw him down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. Do not imagine this as a single battle finished and shelved in the past. It is the hinge on which your own history turns, because the dragon, denied heaven, did not retire; he came down to the earth in great wrath, knowing that his time is short, and he has spent every century since making war on the rest of the woman's offspring, on those who keep My commandments and hold to the testimony of Jesus.

I sent Michael again into the visions I gave to Daniel, centuries before Bethlehem, standing as prince and protector of a captive people in Babylon and Persia, contending unseen against powers Daniel calls the prince of Persia — for the wars of nations are never only the wars you can see, and I do not leave My people's fate to chariots and treaties alone. I told Daniel that Michael, your prince, would arise at the time of the end, the great prince who has charge of My people, and that there would be a time of anguish such as never was, and that after it, everyone whose name is found written in the book would be delivered. I do not promise your history will skip its worst chapter. I promise Michael stands in it with you.

Even after Moses died, when the devil disputed over the body, reaching for some claim on it, or trying to turn its burial into an occasion for pride, Michael did not answer him with a reviling insult, though he had every rank to do so. He said only: the Lord rebuke you. I want you to notice that restraint as closely as the war itself — the greatest of My warrior angels does not out-boast the devil, does not trade in his currency of self-assertion. He hands the judgment back to Me, because that is what real strength looks like in a creature who knows Whose strength it is.

I have let the Church call on him in her darkest centuries, because the war did not end when the dragon fell from heaven; it only changed address. When one of My vicars saw, in a moment history has never fully explained, the coming trials of this age, he gave the Church a prayer to Michael and asked that it be said after the altar's own sacrifice — Michael, defend us in battle, cast into hell Satan and the other evil spirits who prowl through the world seeking the ruin of souls. I have kept that prayer alive across generations that thought they had outgrown it, because the dragon has not stopped prowling, and neither has the angel whose only name is a question the proud can never answer.

The Record

Michael appears by name in three books of Scripture. In Daniel, he is called "one of the chief princes" who comes to the aid of the angel contending against "the prince of the kingdom of Persia" (Daniel 10:13, 21), and later "the great prince who has charge of your people," whose rising will mark "a time of anguish" before final deliverance (Daniel 12:1). In Jude 9, he is "the archangel," disputing with the devil over the body of Moses yet refusing to pronounce a reviling judgment, saying only, "The Lord rebuke you." In Revelation 12:7-9, written near the end of the first century, Michael and his angels cast down "the great dragon... that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan."

The Catechism situates this combat within its teaching on the fall of the angels, identifying the dragon of Revelation 12:9 with the fallen Lucifer (Catechism of the Catholic Church 391-395). The Church keeps the feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael together on September 29, replacing the earlier separate commemorations after the 1969 calendar reform.

Devotion to Michael as protector of the Church intensified after Pope Leo XIII composed the prayer known as the Leonine Prayer in 1886, following an experience he described to intimates but never explained publicly; it was recited after every Low Mass in the Latin Church until 1964. In 2018, amid the Church's abuse crisis, Pope Francis asked Catholics worldwide to pray the Saint Michael prayer daily, calling it a plea against "the great accuser." Michael is honored as patron of soldiers, police officers, and the Church itself, with ancient shrines at Monte Gargano in Italy and Mont Saint-Michel in France.

Sources & citations

  • Revelation 12:7-9
  • Daniel 10:13, 21
  • Daniel 12:1
  • Jude 1:9
  • Catechism of the Catholic Church 391-395
  • Roman Missal, feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, September 29

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